授課大綱：
1. 討論涉及空名(Empty)的語句之語意值應如何處理。
2. 就非存在物的指涉概念入手，討論將其運用到虛擬實境的可能性。
3. 本課程為學士論文“虛擬實境中的存在概念”第一部分專題討論課程(上)。

課程目標：
希望藉由討論有關空名(Empty Name)和不存在(Non-Existence)的詞語概念；討論處理涉及到以上概念的語句的語意值。建立一套可以合理解釋「存在」概念的理論。

指定閱讀書目：
1. Everett, A. and Hofweber, T. (eds.) (2000), Empty names, fiction and the puzzles of non-existence, CSLI Publications, 2000.
2. Dummett, M. (1983), ‘Existence’, in The Seas of Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, 277-307; originally appeared in Humans, Meanings and Existences, Jadavpur Studies in Philosophy, v, D. P. Chattopadhyaya (ed.), Delhi, 1983.
3. Davidson, D. (1977), ‘Reality without reference’, Dialectica, 31, 247-253; reprinted in Davidson (1984), 215-225.
4. Donnellan, K. S., ‘Speakinh of nothing’, Philosophical Review, 83 (1974), 3-30; reprinted in Naming Necessity and Natural Kinds, S. P. Schwartz (ed.), Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977, 216-244; also reprinted in Contemporary Philosophical Logic, I. M. Copi and A. Gould (eds.), New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1978, 97-119.